Supervised sequence-labeling systems in natural language processing often suffer from data sparsity because they use word types as features in their prediction tasks. Consequently...
Unsupervised word representations are very useful in NLP tasks both as inputs to learning algorithms and as extra word features in NLP systems. However, most of these models are b...
Eric H. Huang, Richard Socher, Christopher D. Mann...
Abstract. Many recent works point out that there are several possibilities of assigning a meaning to a concept definition containing some sort of recursion. In this paper, we argue...
This paper introduces the controlled natural language PENG Light together with a language processor that is based on a bidirectional grammar. The language processor has the followi...
When implementing a tutoring system that attempts a deep understanding of students’ natural language explanations, there are three basic approaches to choose between; symbolic, i...