A box-constrained integer least squares problem (BILS) arises from several wireless communications applications. Solving a BILS problem usually has two stages: reduction (or prepro...
Recent increase in the number of search engines on the Web and the availability of meta search engines that can query multiple search engines makes it important to find effective ...
This article describes an application of the partially observable Markov (POM) model to the analysis of a large scale commercial web search log. Mathematically, POM is a variant o...
Web search engines present search results in a rank ordered list. This works when what a user wants is near the top, but sometimes the information that the user really wants is lo...
Users frequently modify a previous search query in hope of retrieving better results. These modifications are called query reformulations or query refinements. Existing research h...