Adaptive representations allow evolution to explore the space of phenotypes by choosing the most suitable set of genotypic parameters. Although such an approach is believed to be ...
A survey of niching algorithms, based on 5 variants of derandomized Evolution Strategies (ES), is introduced. This set of niching algorithms, ranging from the very first derandom...
The process of development creates a phenotype from one or more genotypes of an individual through interaction with an environment. The opportunity for development to choose a phe...
One of the major difficulties of handwriting recognition is the variability among symbols because of the different writer styles. In this paper we introduce the boosting of blurre...
With the rapid emergence and proliferation of Internet and the trend of globalization, a tremendous amount of textual documents written in different languages are electronically ac...