Automatic content scoring for free-text responses has started to emerge as an application of Natural Language Processing in its own right, much like question answering or machine ...
Despite its intuitive appeal, the hypothesis that retrieval at the level of “concepts” should outperform purely term-based approaches remains unverified empirically. In addit...
Creating more fine-grained annotated data than previously relevent document sets is important for evaluating individual components in automatic question answering systems. In this...
Streams of data often originate from many distributed sources. A distributed stream processing system publishes such streams of data and enables queries over the streams. This allo...
Alasdair J. G. Gray, Werner Nutt, M. Howard Willia...
Most scientific models are not physical objects, and this raises important questions. What sort of entity are models, what is truth in a model, and how do we learn about models? In...